The committee took over public administration in Saigon, but followed Allied orders that the Japanese maintain law and order until Allied troops arrived. On August 25, the communists established a Provisional Executive Committee with Tran Van Giau at its head. However, the Viet Minh faced various problems in the southern part of the country, where it had been unable to establish the same degree of control. Ho Chi Minh declared independence for the newly established Democratic Republic of Vietnam on September 2, 1945. After the Japanese surrendered in August 1945, the Viet Minh immediately launched the insurrection (the August Revolution).In March 1945, the Japanese took direct control of Vietnam. Indochinese communists set up hidden headquarters in 1941 and Ho Chi Minh, a Vietnamese communist leader, returned to Vietnam from China to lead the Viet Minh independence movement. Keeping the French colonial administration, the Japanese ruled from behind the scenes in a parallel of Vichy France. In September 1940, Japan launched its invasion of French Indochina. In 1940, colonial administration of French Indochina passed to the Vichy French government.Unlike in Algeria, French settlement in Indochina did not occur at a grand scale. Funding for the colonial government came by means of taxes on local populations and the French government established a near monopoly on the trade of opium, salt, and rice alcohol. French Indochina was designated as a colony of economic exploitation by the French government.Laos was added in 1893 and the leasedĬhinese territory of Guangzhouwan in 1898. The Vietnamese regions of Tonkin, Annam, and Cochinchina were combined with Cambodia in 1887. French Indochina, officially known as the Indochinese Union after 1887 and the Indochinese Federation after 1947, was a group of French colonial territories in Southeast Asia.
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